In gingivitis, which of the following is a common contributing factor?

In gingivitis, the formation of calculus and plaque serves as a primary contributing factor. Gingivitis is characterized by inflammation of the gums, which is often initiated by the accumulation of dental plaque, a sticky film of bacteria that forms on teeth. When plaque is not adequately removed through regular brushing and flossing, it can harden into calculus (also known as tartar), which further irritates the gum tissue, leading to inflammation and the classic signs of gingivitis such as redness, swelling, and bleeding.

While factors like a high sugar diet and aging may influence oral health by making individuals more susceptible to plaque accumulation or affecting overall gum health, the direct link in the context of gingivitis is the presence of plaque and calculus. Fluoride intake plays a significant role in preventing tooth decay but does not contribute to the development of gingivitis. Therefore, the presence of calculus and plaque is consistently recognized as the most critical factor in the onset of gingivitis, underscoring the importance of good oral hygiene practices in preventing this common gum disease.