Lysozyme is most effective against which type of organisms?

Lysozyme is an enzyme that plays a critical role in the immune response by breaking down the cell walls of certain bacteria. It specifically targets peptidoglycan, which is a major component of the cell wall in many bacteria.

Gram-positive organisms have a thick layer of peptidoglycan in their cell walls, making them particularly susceptible to the action of lysozyme. When lysozyme acts on these cells, it cleaves the bonds in the peptidoglycan, leading to cell lysis and ultimately the death of the bacteria. This mechanism is a primary reason why lysozyme is especially effective against Gram-positive bacteria.

In contrast, Gram-negative organisms possess a thinner peptidoglycan layer and an outer membrane that protects them from lysozyme's action. Similarly, viruses do not have cell walls at all, rendering them unaffected by lysozyme, while mycobacteria have a unique cell wall structure that includes waxy lipids, making them resistant as well. Thus, lysozyme's effectiveness is clearly demonstrated in its action against Gram-positive organisms.