What is the role of restriction enzymes in molecular biology?

Restriction enzymes play a crucial role in molecular biology by cutting DNA at specific sequences. These enzymes, also known as restriction endonucleases, recognize particular nucleotide sequences, often palindromic, and cleave the DNA strands at or near these recognition sites. This characteristic allows scientists to manipulate and analyze DNA in various applications, such as cloning, gene splicing, and constructing recombinant DNA molecules. The ability to create precise cuts enables targeted modifications and the removal or addition of specific genetic material, which is essential for research in genetics and biotechnology.

Other functions like DNA repair, DNA replication, or adding methyl groups are performed by different types of enzymes or proteins and do not relate specifically to the action of restriction enzymes. Understanding the unique function of restriction enzymes is foundational for techniques such as genetic engineering, where precise manipulation of genetic material is required.