What process primarily involves the use of DNA polymerase?

DNA replication is the process that primarily involves the use of DNA polymerase. During replication, DNA polymerase is responsible for synthesizing new strands of DNA by adding nucleotides complementary to the template strand. This enzyme reads the existing DNA strands and constructs new ones, ensuring that each daughter cell receives an identical copy of the DNA.

This process is crucial because it allows for the accurate duplication of an organism's genetic material before cell division occurs. Without DNA polymerase, the replication of DNA would not proceed efficiently, leading to errors and potential loss of genetic information. The other processes listed, such as protein synthesis and transcription, involve different enzymes and mechanisms; for instance, RNA polymerase is the key enzyme in transcription, while cell division encompasses broader processes including mitosis and cytokinesis. Therefore, the correct focus is on DNA replication as the primary process linked to DNA polymerase's function.