What term is used for microorganisms that recycle nutrients by breaking down dead matter and wastes?

The correct term for microorganisms that recycle nutrients by breaking down dead matter and wastes is "decomposers." Decomposers play a crucial role in ecosystems by breaking down organic material from dead plants, animals, and other organic matter. This process not only recycles vital nutrients, making them available for use by other organisms, such as plants, but also helps to maintain the balance of ecosystems.

Decomposers, which include bacteria and fungi, are essential for the nutrient cycle, facilitating the transformation of complex organic materials into simpler substances. This process ultimately enriches the soil and supports new growth. Without decomposers, dead organic matter would accumulate, and ecosystems would struggle to function efficiently.

The other terms listed refer to different types of microorganisms with distinct roles. Producers are organisms, like plants, that create their own food through photosynthesis. Pathogens are microorganisms that cause disease, while symbionts are organisms that live in close association with another species, often benefiting from the relationship. None of these accurately describe the specific role of breaking down dead matter and recycling nutrients as decomposers do.