Which enzymes convert the toxic superoxide ion into harmless products?

The correct choice identifies the specific enzymes, superoxide dismutase and catalase, that play crucial roles in detoxifying the superoxide ion, which is a reactive oxygen species that can cause damage to cells if not managed appropriately.

Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is the first line of defense against superoxide radicals; it catalyzes the conversion of superoxide ions into hydrogen peroxide and oxygen. This reaction is essential because it reduces the potential harm that superoxide can inflict on cellular components. Following this, catalase comes into play by further breaking down the hydrogen peroxide, which is also potentially harmful, into water and oxygen.

This two-step process efficiently detoxifies superoxide ions, preventing oxidative stress and enabling cells to maintain their integrity and function. Other options may include enzymes that deal with hydrogen peroxide, yet they do not specifically address the direct conversion of superoxide ions, which is a crucial step in protecting against oxidative damage.