Which of the following are types of viral nucleic acids?

Viral nucleic acids can vary significantly among different types of viruses, reflecting the diversity of virus structures and replication strategies. The correct answer encompasses all recognized forms of viral nucleic acids, which include double-stranded DNA, single-stranded DNA, double-stranded RNA, and single-stranded RNA.

Double-stranded DNA viruses, such as the Herpesviridae family, have genomes that include two complementary strands of DNA, allowing for stable genetic material. Single-stranded DNA viruses, like Parvoviruses, contain only one strand of DNA, which can be converted into a double-stranded form during replication.

Double-stranded RNA viruses, such as Rotaviruses, have genomes composed of RNA in two complementary strands, which is crucial for their replication. Lastly, single-stranded RNA viruses, including Coronaviruses and Influenza viruses, have RNA that can be either positive-sense (directly used as mRNA) or negative-sense (requiring transcription into mRNA).

This comprehensive listing of viral nucleic acids demonstrates the complexity and variety of viral genomes, allowing these organisms to adapt to different hosts and environments effectively.