Which organism helps termites digest cellulose?

The organism that helps termites digest cellulose is the protozoan Trichonympha. Termites primarily feed on wood, which is rich in cellulose, a complex carbohydrate that many organisms struggle to break down. Trichonympha, a flagellated protozoan, resides in the gut of termites and plays a crucial role in the digestion of cellulose. It possesses cellulose-digesting enzymes that allow it to degrade cellulose into simpler sugars that the termite can then utilize for energy.

The symbiotic relationship between Trichonympha and termites is essential for the survival and nutritional well-being of the termite species. This association is a classic example of mutualism, where both the protozoan and the termite benefit: the protozoan gets a habitat and nutrients, while the termite gains the ability to digest cellulose effectively.

In contrast, while bacteria, fungi, and archaea can also participate in the breakdown of organic materials, it is specifically Trichonympha that is recognized for its direct role in aiding termites with cellulose digestion. Other microbial groups may contribute to diverse aspects of digestion, but Trichonympha is essential in this particular symbiotic process with termites.